PCOS Explained: Debunking the Most Common Myths

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that is caused by an imbalance of hormones. Symptoms may include excessive hair growth (hirsutism), weight gain, acne, and insulin resistance. PCOS is also a leading cause of infertility and affects about 10% of woman in their reproductive years!

Myth #1) Women with PCOS must have large ovarian cysts.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a misnomer; the hallmark of the disorder is not having large ovarian cysts! The truth is that women with PCOS tend to have a large number of very small follicles (the cysts which contain the developing eggs) in the ovaries. They are the result of poor egg development and poor growth of the follicles. A healthy follicle will become larger as the egg within becomes mature. The pathology in PCOS is poor maturation of the eggs due to a complicated set of problems.

Myth #2) All women with irregular periods have PCOS.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common causes of irregular cycles, but it is certainly not the only cause. There are a variety of other reasons why a woman may have irregular periods – thyroid disorders, extreme dieting and exercise, perimenopause, or even adrenal tumors. It is very important that a woman with irregular periods have an evaluation with a healthcare provider to confirm their diagnosis.

Myth #3) All women with PCOS are overweight.

While there is no doubt that PCOS is often associated with higher body mass index (BMI) leading to insulin resistance, it is not an absolute requirement for the diagnosis. Many women with PCOS actually have a normal BMI. Some PCOS is related to adrenal gland disorders. Nonetheless, lifestyle modifications such as proper diet and exercise may help reduce the symptoms of PCOS.

Myth #4) Women with PCOS cannot have children.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome interferes with regular ovulation, therefore it does make conceiving naturally more difficult – but not impossible. Many women with PCOS do become pregnant with significant lifestyle changes; however, the use of fertility medications is very successful at improving ovulation. These medications can include oral pills such as Clomid/Letrozole or fertility injections, such as FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone). Since PCOS is not an absolute problem, spontaneous ovulations do occur. Nonetheless, they are less predictable since cycles can be very irregular.

Myth #5) PCOS is only an issue when trying to get pregnant.

Unfortunately, women with PCOS are at increased risk for certain medical problems: Type II diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. When a woman does not have regular menstrual cycles she does not produce progesterone, but only estrogen. The estrogen leads to thickening of the endometrial lining while progesterone is meant to stop the growth and prepare for implantation. Since progesterone is not produced in PCO patients, then the lining does not shed regularly. This thickened lining over time may convert to endometrial cancer. It is critical that women with PCOS work with a healthcare provider to discuss options for regulating her periods even if they do not desire conception. Diabetes and insulin resistance contribute to the development of PCOS and controlling these diseases will improve long-term health. Lifestyle changes can be very helpful to minimize the risk of these medical problems.

In conclusion, PCOS is a very common condition that affects fertility, but it is also very treatable! If you are dealing with irregular periods, it would be valuable to come in for a consultation. Whether you are trying to regulate your cycles or focused on getting pregnant, we will work with you to find a solution that fits your needs.

Do you have questions and want to learn more? For guidance and support, contact Damien Fertility Partners at 732-758-6511 or hello@damienfertilitypartners.com.